Questionnaire cyber cafes for the fourth quarter. Second year. Informatica COMPUTERS. Questionnaire
for the fourth quarter. Second year.
SUBJECT: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS.
1. What is a Computer Network? A network of computers, also called network computers or computer network, is a set of computers connected by wires, signals, waves or any other method of transportation data, sharing data (files), resources (CD-ROM, printers, etc.), services (internet, e-mail, chat, games, etc.).
2. What is a communication network? A communications network is also a set of technical means of remote communication between autonomous teams (non-hierarchical -master/slave-). Usually it is transmitting data, audio and video by electromagnetic waves through different media (air, vacuum, copper cable, fiber optic cable, etc.)..
3. What is a communication protocol? is a set of rules used by computers to communicate unas con otras a través de una red. Un protocolo es una convención o estándar que controla o permite la conexión, comunicación, y transferencia de datos entre dos puntos finales. En su forma más simple, un protocolo puede ser definido como las reglas que dominan la sintaxis, semántica y sincronización de la comunicación. Los protocolos pueden ser implementados por hardware, software, o una combinación de ambos. A su más bajo nivel, un protocolo define el comportamiento de una conexión de hardware.
4. Existen varios tipos de redes, los cuales se clasifican de acuerdo ha: su tamaño y distribución lógica.
5. Clasificación según su tamaño: Las redes PAN (Personnel management network), CAN Campus Area Network, Campus Area Network, LANs (Local Area Network, local area networks), WANs (Wide Area Network, Wide Area Network), networks (MAN Metropolitan Area Network, Metropolitan Area Networks), Networks Point to Point, server-based networks.
6. PAN NETWORK (NETWORK MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL) are small networks, which are comprised of no more than 8 teams. Example: a coffee fit.
7. CAN NETWORK (CAMPUS AREA NETWORK-CAMPUS AREA NETWORK) The CAN is geographically dispersed collection of LANs within a campus (university, government offices, assembly plants and industries) belonging to a single identity in a delineated area in kilometers. A commonly used CAM technologies such as FDDI and Gigabit connectivity ENTHERNET through media such as fiber optics and spread spectrum.
8. Local Area Networks. (LAN) are private networks located in a building or campus. Its size is a few kilometers. Widely used to interconnect personal computers and workstations. They are characterized by: size restricted transmission technology (usually broadcast), high speed and topology.
9. WAN NETWORKS: These are networks that cover a wide geographic region, often a country or continent.)
10. NETS MAN: They are basically a larger version of a Local Area Network and regularly uses similar technology. Can be public or private. A MAN can support both voice and data. A MAN has one or two cables and does not exchange items or packet switches, which greatly simplifies the design. The main reason to distinguish it from other networks, is that for MAN's has adopted a standard called DQDB (Distributed Queue Dual Bus) or IEEE 802.6. Use media as Local Area Networks.
11. PEER TO PEER NETWORKS: In a net-to-end each computer can act as a client and server. The to-peer networks make sharing data and peripherals are easy for a small group of people. In a point to point, security is difficult, because the administration is not centralized.
12. Server-based networks: server-based networks are better for sharing a lot of data resources. An administrator supervises the operation of the network, and ensures security is maintained. This type of network can have one or more servers, depending on traffic volume, number of peripherals and so on. For example may be a communications server and a database server, all on the same network.
13. Classification by distribution logic: SERVER
: A machine that provides information or services to other network stations. The kind of information or services offered determines the type of server it is: print server, file, web page, email, users of IRC (Internet chat), database ...
CLIENT: A machine that accesses the server information or use their services. Examples: Every time we're seeing a web page (hosted on a remote server) we are behaving as clients. We will also use the service customers if printing of a remote computer on the network (the server that has the printer connected).
14. All these networks must meet the following characteristics: Trustworthiness "carry data."
• Portability "devices."
• High processing. • According
and these have different uses depending on the user's need, including:
• Companies - centralize data. • Share resources
"peripherals, files, etc.."
• Reliability "data transport."
• AENT availability of information.
• Communication between members of the same areas.
• Save money.
• Home Banking.
• Contributions to research "Demand video, TV line, Interactive Game."
SUBJECT: HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER NETWORK.
15. Workstations: Every computer connected to the network retains the ability to function independently, making their own processes. Also, computers become networked workstations with access to information and resources contained in the file server with it.
16. Servers: These are computers capable of sharing resources with others. Shared resources can include printers, disk drives, CD-ROM, hard disk directories and even individual files. The types of servers get the name of the resource dependent share. Some of them include disk server, file server, distributed file server, file servers, dedicated and non dedicated server, terminal server, printer, server, CD, web server and mail server.
17. Network Interface Card: To communicate with the rest of the network, each computer must have installed a network interface card (Network Interface Card, NIC). They are also called network adapters or network cards only. In most cases, the card fits into the expansion slot of the computer, although some are external units that connect to it via a serial or parallel port. Wiring
The LAN must have a wiring system that connects individual workstations file servers and other peripherals. If there is only one type of wiring available, the decision would be simple. The truth is that there are many types of wiring, each with their own advocates and as there is great variety in terms of cost and capacity, the selection should not be a trivial matter.
18. Twisted Pair Cable: It is by far the least expensive type and most common network media.
19. Coaxial Cable: It's so easy to install and maintain as twisted pair cable, and is the preferred medium for large LAN.
20. Fiber Optic Cable: You have a higher transmission speed than previous ones, is immune to radio frequency interference and capable of sending signals over considerable distances without losing strength. Has a higher cost. Team
general connectivity for small networks, the cable length is not limiting its performance, but if the network grows, perhaps eventually needed a further extension of the length of cable or exceed the specified number of nodes . There are several devices that extend the length of the network, where each has a specific purpose. However, many devices incorporate the characteristics of another type of device to increase flexibility and value.
21. Hubs or concentrators, are a central point connection to network nodes that are arranged according to a star physical topology.
22. Repeater: A repeater is a device that can extend the length of the network, amplifies and retransmits the signal network.
23. Bridges: A bridge is a device that connects two separate LAN to create what appears to be a single LAN.
24. Routers: Routers are similar to bridges, only operating at a different level. Generally require that each network has the same operating system network to connect networks based on completely different logical topologies such as Ethernet and Token Ring.
25. Gates: A gate allows nodes a network to communicate with different types of network or other devices. Podr'a be, for example, a LAN that consists of IBM compatible computers and a Macintosh. Network Topologies
26. Bus: This topology allows all stations receive the information transmitted, a transmitting station and all other listeners. It consists of a cable with a terminator at each end of that hang all the elements of a network. All network nodes are attached to this cable, which is called "Backbone Cable." Both Ethernet Local Talk can use this topology.
27. Ring: The stations are linked to each other in a circle through of a common wire. The last node of the chain is connected to the first closing the loop. The signals traveling in one direction around the circle, and is regenerated at each node. With this methodology, each node examines the information that is sent through the ring. If the information is not directed to the node that review, go to the next in the ring. The disadvantage of the ring is that if a connection is broken, the entire network goes down.
28. Star: The data in these networks flow from the emitter to the hub, it performs all the functions of the network and acts as an amplifier of the data.
TOPIC: TYPES OF COMPUTERS.
29. Computers can be classified by: capacity and type.
30. The computers are classified by their ability to: MICROCOMPUTER, minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputers.
31. MICROCOMPUTER: A computer that is functionally similar to larger computers but serves only one user. It is used in the home and office for almost all applications that traditionally run on larger computers. The size is based on computer memory and disk capacity. His speed is based on the CPU that the commands and their visual quality is based on screen resolution and printer.
32. Minicomputer: These are small systems of general application, but unlike the PC usually serving multiple users. Are more powerful and expensive than the PC used to monitor instruments, laboratory test equipment, process control.
33. Mainframe: Provides processing speed and storage capacity larger than a mini, served split handle very large data base. Serve as hosts on networks of distributed processes.
34. SUPERCOMPUTER: They are designed to process complex scientific applications. These systems are faster, bigger and expensive in the world used for scientific applications.
35. Computers by type are classified as analog, digital, hybrid.
36. ANALOG COMPUTERS: Device electronic or hydraulic designed to handle data entry in terms of, for example, levels of intention or hydraulic pressure rather than as numeric data. Computed directly but not always perceived values \u200b\u200bvaried signals or physical quantities.
37. DIGITAL COMPUTERS: These are computers running counting numbers and making logical comparisons between factors that are numerical factors. Everything that makes a digital computer operation is based on the ability to determine whether a computer or door is open or closed. Ie the computer can recognize only two states in any of its microscopic circuits.
38. COMPUTERS HYBRID: A system consisting of digital and analog computer, connected through an interface that allows the exchange of information between two computers and the development of their joint work.
SUBJECT: Computational Logic.
39. What is logic?: Science that teaches how to reason with accuracy. Natural disposition to reason rightly
40. Computational Logic: Logic computational mathematics is the same logic applied to the context of computer science. Its use is essential at various levels: in the computer circuits, in programming logic and analysis and optimization (temporary resource and space) algorithms.
41. Flowchart: Flowcharts are graphic descriptions of algorithms, using symbols connected with arrows to indicate the sequence of instructions and are governed by ISO.
42. Algorithm: is a pre-written set of instructions or established rules, ordered and finite allows activity through successive steps that generate doubts who run it.
43. Program: A computer program is a set of instructions executed when one or more tasks performed on a computer. Without software, these machines can not run general correctamente.1 2 The set of programs, called software and thus refers to the logical equipment or software of a digital computer.
44. DFD Program: is a flowchart editor with which you can graphically to a large number of algorithms, run and debug them if they find errors. COMPUTERS
