There is a English coming into the world between Spain and dying yawning Spain, Spaniard who come to the world God save you, a of the two Spains is to freeze your heart. Antonio Machado.
This was the scene in the 30s, the October Revolution de1934 was a strike movement, revolutionary and insurrectionary that occurred between 5 and 19 was encouraged by leaders of the PSOE and the UGT with leaders such as Largo Caballero and Indalecio Prieto and unevenly by the CNT and the PC in Catalonia, but especially in Asturias.Dicho movement was suppressed by the army of the Republic.
Aida Lafuente Pena, popularly known as the red rose in revolt died following a gun, were between 16 to 19 years, a popular song sung Asturiana: Sixteen years had, beautiful lush years, playing and dancing resembling goldfinches, once upon a girl of Asturias Aida, played and gave the rope and your friends were jumping, came the strike of October you were revolutionary, you did not catch the rope, you took shrapnel.
Rafael Alberti and I called you devoted libertarian <<....y que no niegue esa gente, que esos dos pechos cortados, que esos brazos arrancados, son libertaria Lafuente. 1936 canciones para una guerra : Sí me quieres escribir ya sabes mi paradero tercera brigada mixta primera linea de fuego. El ejército del Ebro rumbala rumbala rumbarrá una noche el río pasó, Ay Carmela, Ay Carmela. Madrid que bien resistes, mamita mía los bombardeos, de las bombas se ríen mamita mía los madrileños. A las barricadas, a las barricadas por el triunfo de la confederación. Arriba los pobres del mundo, en pie los esclavos sin pan que todos somos comunistas, viva la internacional. Estas son algunas de las canciones del bando republicano. En la época de los Borbones la mujer estaba totalmente sometida. Durante y antes del 36 Dolores Ibarruri, (La Pasionaria) encendía a las masas con discursos y arengas famosas como; “vale más morir de pie que vivir de rodillas” o “no pasarán”. Tanto Pablo Neruda como Rafael Alberti la admiraban y prestaron su pluma para escribirle versos. Federica Montseny fue la primera minista del gobierno español de la república y la primera mujer ministra de Europa occidental. Teresa Pamies y Aurora Arzaiz fueron otras referentes destacadas. Alzamiento de Francisco Franco Bahamonde, militar y general contra el legítimo gobierno de la república. Las mujeres milicianas combatieron desde el primer día con las armas en la mano y hoy se va descubriendo su papel en la resistencia una vez acabada la guerra que abarco desde 36 al 39. Mujeres libertarias que fueron acompañar a sus maridos o novios y hubo en algunos casos de madres que acompañaron a sus hijos al frente. Largo Caballero tomó la disposición de retirar a las mujeres soldados y trasladarlas a la retaguardia. Se propagó la opinión popular de que transmitían enfermedades venéreas y que eran prostitutas. Una acusación maniquea y simplista ya que sólo una pequeña parte de ellas eran meretrices. Por tanto primero fueron mitificadas por las autoridades republicanas y después vilipendiadas. Cuando fueron capturadas y apresadas sufrieron la represión, entre el 39-40 había 30.000 mujeres encarceladas en la prisión de las ventas; fueron fusiladas mil. Otras fueron violadas, torturadas, les cortaban el pelo al cero y el paradero de otras fue su ingreso en prisiones religiosas. En el cementerio de la Almudena en uno de sus muros reza un monumento epitafio: Las jóvenes llamadas <<> poem> gave their lives for freedom and democracy on August 5, 1939. The thirteen roses were a group of thirteen girls, seven of them children-and then the age of majority was set at 21 years, belonging to the Unified Socialist Youth who tried to organize underground when they had not yet tried to regroup or penalties freshmen were executed for conspiracy in the assassination of the civil guard commander Isaac Gabaldon, his daughter and his driver, which is a pipe dream. Girls murdered by romantic ideals, and want to see a landscape of freedom, equality, respect, had not yet begun to live, and that pervivirán in memory of all, everyone.
Francoist repression against women was brutal, as they were intended to be mothers and repose of the warrior.
A throughout the English territory the cruelty and violence was devastating.
Epilogue to War:
John Dos Passos author and journalist who worked with Hemingway English land in the script I knew and lived part of the story of 36 leaves us with a quote:
The only element that can replace dependence on the past is the dependence of the future.
Ernest Hemingway wrote a novel about the English contest which begins with a preface, and takes its title from a verse of John Donne. "No man is an island complete in itself, every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the land, if the sea takes a portion of the earth, Europe is the less, as if a promontory were, or house one of thy friends or of thine own, the death of every man diminishes me because I am bound to mankind and therefore never do ask for whom the bell tolls, it tolls for thee. "
Militiawoman steel battalion member, photo: Alfonso.
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